Based on the analysis to the pavement data collected in 5 Districtscovering about 12,000 km long highway, a pavement performanceequation with a general form has been developed, and with theequation, the effects of the pavement structural component, pavementbearing capacity, traffic and environmental condition on the pavementperformance have been analyzed. The study results show that thepavement surface course thickness has a major effect on the pavementperformance, the following are ESAL, deflection and base coursetype, and that in the early stage of performance curve, the surfacecourse thickness plays a dominant role, while in the later stage,the effects of deflection become more significant than in theearly stage. The analysis shows that in the 5 Districts mentionedin this paper, the service life difference of pavements due tothe climatic condition reaches up to 22%.